From 56c41c903923369ce70e11138f774883a6e22542 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: NeilBrown Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2013 14:59:34 +1000 Subject: [PATCH] Man page updates. Lots of clean ups, fixes, additions etc Signed-off-by: NeilBrown --- wiggle.1 | 216 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------------- 1 file changed, 91 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-) diff --git a/wiggle.1 b/wiggle.1 index 9430f6f..2a382a7 100644 --- a/wiggle.1 +++ b/wiggle.1 @@ -24,18 +24,15 @@ .TH WIGGLE 1 "" v0.9 .SH NAME wiggle \- apply rejected patches and perform word-wise diffs - .SH SYNOPSIS - .BI wiggle " [function] [options] file [files]" - .SH DESCRIPTION The main function of .I wiggle is to apply a patch to a file in a similar manner to the .BR patch (1) program. - +.P The distinctive difference of .I wiggle is that it will attempt to apply a patch even if the "before" part of @@ -44,12 +41,12 @@ This is achieved by breaking the file and patch into words and finding the best alignment of words in the file with words in the patch. Once this alignment has been found, any differences (word-wise) in the patch are applied to the file as best as possible. - +.P Also, .I wiggle will (in some cases) detect changes that have already been applied, and will ignore them. - +.P .I wiggle ensures that every change in the patch is applied to the target file somehow. If a particular change cannot be made in the file, the @@ -63,27 +60,27 @@ Each annotation contains 3 components: a portion of the original file where the change should be applied, a portion of the patch that couldn't be matched precisely in the file, and the text that should replace that portion of the patch. These are separated by lines -containing precisely 7 identical characters, either '<', '|', '=', or '>', so +containing precisely 7 identical characters, either '<', '|', '=', +or '>', possibly followed by a descriptive word. So .in +5 .nf .ft CW -<<<<<<< +<<<<<<< found Some portion of the original file -||||||| +||||||| expected text to replace ======= text to replace it with ->>>>>>> +>>>>>>> replacement .ft .fi .in -5 - indicates that "text to replace" should be replaced by "text to replace it with" somewhere in the portion of the original file. However .I wiggle was not able to find a place to make this change. - +.P .I wiggle can also produce conflict reports showing only the words that are involved rather than showing whole lines. @@ -92,8 +89,8 @@ In this case the output looks like: .ti +5 <<<---original|||old===new--->>> .ft - -A typical usage of +.P +One possible usage of .I wiggle is to run .I patch @@ -102,29 +99,26 @@ the error messages from patch. Then for each file for which a reject was found, run .ti +5 wiggle \-\-replace originalfile originalfile.rej - +.P Finally each file must be examined to resolve any unresolved conflicts, and to make sure the applied patch is semantically correct. - -Alternately, the original patch file can be feed to the +.P +Alternately, the original patch file can be fed to the .B browse mode as .ti +5 wiggle \-B < patchfile - +.P This will allow the changes and conflicts to be inspected and, to some -extent, modified; and then the results can be save. - +extent, modified; and then the results can be saved. .SS OPTIONS The following options are understood by .IR wiggle . Some of these are explained in more detail in the following sections on MERGE, DIFF, EXTRACT, and BROWSE. - .TP .BR \-m ", " \-\-merge Select the "merge" function. This is the default function. - .TP .BR \-d ", " \-\-diff Select the "diff" function. This displays the differences between @@ -132,13 +126,10 @@ files. This can be given after .B \-\-browse (see below) in which case a patch or diff of two files can be viewed without the originals. - - .TP .BR \-x ", " \-\-extract Select the "extract" function. This extracts one branch of a patch or merge file. - .TP .BR \-B ", " \-\-browse Select the "browse" function. This is similar to "merge" (or "diff") @@ -147,42 +138,40 @@ being sent to standard output, it is presented using an ncurses-based GUI so that each hunk of the patch can be examined to understand what conflicts where involved and what needed to be ignored in order of the patch to be wiggled in to place. - .TP .BR \-w ", " \-\-words Request that all operations and display be word based. This is the default for the "diff" function. - .TP .BR \-l ", " \-\-lines Request that all operations and display be line based. - .TP .BR \-b ", " \-\-ignore\-blanks De-emphasise white space (space, tab, and newline) is determining differences and changes. - +.RS +.P Normally white space is treated like a word which can be matched or changed by a patch. When this flag is in force, white space serves only as a separator between other words and is not matched itself. The effect of this is that changes in the amount of white space are not treated as significant. - +.P To be precise, any white space is combined with the preceeding word or, in the case of leading space on a line, with the following word. However it is not involved in any comparisons of that word. If a patch deletes a word, the attached white space is deleted as well. If a patch adds a word, the attached white space is added as well. - +.P An empty line, or one that contains only blanks, will be treated as a single word that will match any other blank line, no matter how many spaces it has. - +.P .B \-b has no effect in .B \-\-line mode. - +.RE .TP .BR \-p ", " \-\-patch Treat the last named file as a patch instead of a file (with \-\-diff) @@ -200,7 +189,8 @@ file. When used in mode, this usage requires the .B \-\-replace option as writing lots of merged files to standard-out is impractical. - +.RS +.P When processing a multi-file patch, .B \-p can be followed by a numeric argument indicating how many file name @@ -209,17 +199,17 @@ numeric argument is given, .I wiggle will deduce an appropriate number based what files are present in the filesystem. - +.RE .TP .BR \-r ", " \-\-replace Normally the merged output is written to standard-output. With -\-\-replace, the original file is replaced with the merge output. +.BR \-\-replace , +the original file is replaced with the merge output. In .B browse mode, this instructs .I wiggle to always save the resulting merge when exiting. - .TP .BR \-o ", " \-\-output= Rather than writing the result to stdout or to replace the original @@ -229,10 +219,11 @@ This is only meaningful with or .B \-\-browse when given a single merge to browse. - +.RS +.P This option overrides .BR \-r . - +.RE .TP .BR \-R ", " \-\-reverse When used with the @@ -246,17 +237,15 @@ or functions, .I wiggle attempts to revert changes rather than apply them. - .TP .BR \-i ", " \-\-no\-ignore Normally wiggle will ignore changes in the patch which appear to already have been applied in the original. With this flag those changes are reported as conflicts rather than being ignored. - .TP .BR \-W ", " \-\-show\-wiggles When used with -.IR \-\-merge , +.BR \-\-merge , conflicts that can be wiggled into place are reported as conflicts with an extra stanza which shows what the result would be if this flag had not been used. The extra stanza is introduce with a line @@ -266,19 +255,18 @@ characters thus: .in +5 .nf .ft CW -<<<<<<< +<<<<<<< found Some portion of the original file -||||||| +||||||| expected text to replace ======= text to replace it with -&&&&&&& +&&&&&&& resolution Text that would result from a successful wiggle ->>>>>>> +>>>>>>> replacement .ft .fi .in -5 - .TP .B \-\-report\-wiggles If a merge is successful in applying all changes, it will normally exit @@ -295,7 +283,6 @@ If any wiggles happen, .I git will report the failure, and the results can be examined to confirm they are acceptable. - .TP .BR \-h ", " \-\-help Print a simple help message. If given after one of the function @@ -305,21 +292,17 @@ selectors .BR \-\-extract , .BR \-\-browse ) help specific to that function is displayed. - .TP .BR \-V ", " \-\-version Display the version number of .IR wiggle . - .TP .BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose Enable verbose mode. Currently this makes no difference. - .TP .BR \-q ", " \-\-quiet Enable quiet mode. This suppresses the message from the merge function when there are unresolvable conflicts. - .SS WORDS .I wiggle can divide a text into lines or words when performing it's tasks. @@ -327,22 +310,21 @@ A line is simply a string of characters terminated by a newline. A word is either a maximal contiguous string of alphanumerics (including underscore), a maximal contiguous string of space or tab characters, or any other single character. - .SS MERGE The merge function modifies a given text by finding all changes between two other texts and imposing those changes on the given text. - +.P Normally .I wiggle focuses on which words have changed so as to maximise the possibility of finding a good match in the given text for the context of a given change. However it can consider only whole lines instead. - +.P .I wiggle extracts the three texts that it needs from files listed on the command line. Either 1, 2, or 3 files may be listed, and any one of them may be a lone hyphen signifying standard-input. - +.P If one file is given and the .B \-p option is not present, the file is treated as a @@ -350,14 +332,14 @@ option is not present, the file is treated as a file, i.e. the output of "merge \-A" or "wiggle". Such a file implicitly contains three streams and these are extracted and compared. - +.P If two files are given, then the first simply contains the primary text, and the second is treated as a patch file (the output of "diff\ \-u" or "diff\ \-c", or a ".rej" file from .IR patch ) and the two other texts are extracted from that. - +.P If one file is given together with the .B \-p option, the file is treated as a patch file containing the names of @@ -367,12 +349,12 @@ the other two from the patch itself. The .B \-\-replace option is required and the results are written back to the target files. - +.P Finally if three files are listed, they are taken to contain the given text and the two other texts, in order. - +.P Normally the result of the merge is written to standard-output. -However if the +If the .B \-r flag is given, the output is written to a file which replaces the original given file. In this case the original file @@ -383,7 +365,12 @@ suffix (for "patched original" which makes sense if you first use to apply a patch, and then use .I wiggle to wiggle the rejects in). - +.P +Further if the +.B -o +option is given with a file name, the output will be written to that +file. In this case no backup is created. +.P If no errors occur (such as file access errors) .I wiggle will exit with a status of 0 if all changes were successfully merged, @@ -397,25 +384,25 @@ options were given, .I wiggle will also exist with status of 1 if any changes had to be wiggled in even though this was successful. - +.P The merge function can operate in three different modes with respect to lines or words. - +.P With the .B \-\-lines option, whole lines are compared and any conflicts are reported as whole lines that need to be replaced. - +.P With the .B \-\-words option, individual words are compared and any conflicts are reported just covering the words affected. This uses the \f(CW <<<|||===>>> \fP conflict format. - +.P Without either of these options, a hybrid approach is taken. Individual words are compared and merged, but when a conflict is found the whole surrounding line is reported as being in conflict. - +.P .I wiggle will ensure that every change between the two other texts is reflected in the result of the merge somehow. There are four different ways @@ -436,7 +423,6 @@ is empty, but not that .B A is empty. - .IP 2 If a change is found which simply adds .B B @@ -444,7 +430,6 @@ and the text immediately preceding and following the insertion are found adjacent in the original file in a suitable place, then .B B is inserted between those adjacent texts. - .IP 3 If a change is found which changes .B A @@ -459,23 +444,20 @@ reflecting the number of ignored changes is printed by This optimisation can be suppressed with the .B \-i flag. - .IP 4 If a change is found that does not fit any of the above possibilities, then a conflict is reported as described earlier. - .SS DIFF - The diff function is provided primarily to allow inspection of the alignments that .I wiggle calculated between texts and that it uses for performing a merge. - +.P The output of the diff function is similar to the unified output of diff. However while diff does not output long stretches of common text, .IR wiggle 's diff mode outputs everything. - +.P When calculating a word-based alignment (the default), .I wiggle may need to show these word-based differences. This is done using an @@ -483,22 +465,22 @@ extension to the unified-diff format. If a line starts with a vertical bar, then it may contain sections surrounded by special multi-character brackets. The brackets "<<<++" and "++>>>" surround added text while "<<<--" and "-->>>" surround removed text. - +.P .I wiggle can be given the two texts to compare in one of three ways. - +.P If only one file is given, then it is treated as a patch and the two -branches of that diff are compared. This effectively allows a patch +branches of that patch are compared. This effectively allows a patch to be refined from a line-based patch to a word-based patch. - +.P If two files are given, then they are normally assumed to be simple texts to be compared. - +.P If two files are given along with the \-\-patch option, then the second file is assumed to be a patch and either the first (with \-1) or the second (with \-2) branch is extracted and compared with text found in the first file. - +.P This last option causes .I wiggle to apply a "best-fit" algorithm for aligning patch hunks with the @@ -507,45 +489,49 @@ merging a patch with a file, and its value can be seen by comparing the difference produced this way with the difference produced by first extracting one branch of a patch into a file, and then computing the difference of that file with the main file. - - .SS EXTRACT - The extract function of .I wiggle simply exposes the internal functionality for extracting one branch of a patch or a merge file. - +.P Precisely one file should be given, and it will be assumed to be a merge file unless .B \-\-patch is given, in which case a patch is assumed. - +.P The choice of branch in made by providing one of .BR \-1 , .BR \-2 , or .B \-3 with obvious meanings. - .SS BROWSE - The browse function of .I wiggle presents the result of a merge or (with -.B \-d -a diff) in a text-based GUI that can be -navigated using keystrokes similar to vi(1) or emacs(1). - +.BR \-d ) +a diff in a text-based GUI that can be +navigated using keystrokes similar to +.IR vi (1) +or +.IR emacs (1). +.P The browser allows each of the two or three streams to be viewed individually with colours used to highlight different sorts of text - green for added text, red for deleted text etc. It can also show the patch by itself, the full result of the merge, or the merge and the patch side-by-side. - +.P The browser provides a number of context-sensitive help pages which can be accessed by typing '?' - +.P +The top right of the GUI will report the type of text under the +cursor, which is also indicated by the colour of the text. Options +are Unchanged, Changed, Unmatched, Extraneous, AlreadyApplied and +Conflict. If the meanings of these are clear a little +experimentations should help. +.P A limited amount of editing is permitted while in .B browse mode. Currently any Conflict or Changed section can be converted to @@ -559,7 +545,7 @@ can be converted to Unchanged. or .B X again. - +.P A Conflict section can also be converted to Change (so the result is accepted even though there wasn't a proper match) with the (lower case) @@ -567,12 +553,12 @@ case) key. Pressing .B c effects a toggle. - +.P If you make any changes, then wiggle will ask you if you want to save the changes, even if .B \-\-replace was not given. - +.P To make more sweeping changes you can use .B v which runs an editor, preferring @@ -580,9 +566,7 @@ which runs an editor, preferring or .B $EDITOR if they are set in the environment. - .SH WARNING - Caution should always be exercised when applying a rejected patch with .IR wiggle . When @@ -593,9 +577,7 @@ may be able to find a believable place to apply each textual change, there is no guarantee that the result is correct in any semantic sense. The result should always be inspected to make sure it is correct. - .SH EXAMPLES - .B " wiggle \-\-replace file file.rej" .br This is the normal usage of @@ -606,7 +588,7 @@ that .I patch could not apply, and merge them into .BR file . - +.P .B " wiggle \-dp1 file file.rej" .br This will perform a word-wise comparison between the @@ -617,19 +599,19 @@ branch of the diff in .B file.rej and display the differences. This allows you to see where a given patch would apply. - +.P .B " wiggle \-\-merge \-\-help" .br Get help about the merge function of .IR wiggle . - +.P .B " wiggle \-\-browse \-\-patch update.patch" .br Parse the .B update.patch file for patches and present a list of patched files which can be browsed to examine each patch in detail. - +.P .I wiggle can be integrated with .I git @@ -637,7 +619,6 @@ so that it is used as the default merge tool and diff tool. This can be achieved by adding the following lines to .B .gitconfig in the user's home directory. - .RS 4 .nf [merge "wiggle"] @@ -652,14 +633,13 @@ in the user's home directory. cmd = wiggle \-Bd $LOCAL $REMOTE .fi .RE - This will make .B "git mergetool" and .B "git difftool" use .IR wiggle . - +.P If you want .I git to always use @@ -672,19 +652,11 @@ to an appropriate .I gitattributes file such as .BR $HOME/.config/git/attributes . - - - .SH QUOTE The name of .I wiggle -was inspired by the following quote. However -.I wiggle -does not yet -.B help -you to wiggle a patch into place. It either does the wiggle itself, -or leave it for you to finish off. - +was inspired by the following quote. +.P .nf The problem I find is that I often want to take (file1+patch) -> file2, @@ -692,34 +664,28 @@ when I don't have file1. But merge tools want to take (file1|file2) -> file3. I haven't seen a graphical tool which helps you to wiggle a patch into a file. - +.br \-\- Andrew Morton - 2002 .fi - .SH SHORTCOMINGS .IP - .I wiggle cannot read the extended unified-diff output that it produces for \-\-diff \-\-words. - .IP - .I wiggle cannot read the word-based merge format that it produces for \-\-merge \-\-words. - .IP - .I wiggle does not understand unicode and so will treat all non-ASCII characters much the same as it treats punctuation - it will treat each one as a separate word. The browser will not display non-ASCII characters properly. - .SH AUTHOR - Neil Brown at Computer Science and Engineering at The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; -and later and SUSE, still in Sydney, Australia. - +and later at SUSE, still in Sydney, Australia. .SH SEE ALSO .IR patch (1), .IR diff (1), -- 2.39.5